About age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

AMD is the most common cause of poor sight in people over 60. (Reference 3.) It rarely leads to complete sight loss because only the central vision is affected. (Reference 3.) At the moment, the exact cause of AMD is not known. However, a number of environmental factors have been identified: (Reference 6.)

  • Smoking
  • Sunlight - some research suggests that a lifetime exposure to sunlight may affect the retina
  • Nutrition - some studies have shown that a specific formula of antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E and beta-carotene) and zinc may reduce the probability of progression to advanced AMD by 25% for either the "wet" or central geographic atrophy forms. However, smokers may need to avoid beta-carotene. (Reference 7.)
Encouraging patients to avoid smoking, sunlight and to eat a balanced diet with plenty of fruit and vegetables may all help to delay the progression of the disease. (Reference 6.)


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Last updated: 28 March 2012

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